They also checked serum samples for pcr detection of the sjr2 retrotransposon as a positive indication of infection. Schistosoma haematobium causes urogenital schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting. Author summary in this article we detail the assembly and functional annotation of the schistosoma bovis genome. Comparative genomics of humanlike schistosoma japonicum. Comparison of schistosome genome assembly quality metrics. Geographical genetic structure of schistosoma japonicum. We identified many microsatellite loci in the draft genome of schistosoma japonicum using defined search criteria and selected a subset for further analysis. Schistosoma japonicum is a significant public health risk in parts of china and elsewhere in southeast asia. New diagnostics reform infectious parasite epidemiology. Schistosoma mansoni is one of a genus of trematodes that are commonly called bloodflukes, and is a significant parasite of humans and a major agent of the disease schistosomiasis. Deposition of new schistosoma est structural information into public databases has dramatically increased the amount, diversity and coverage of both s. Genetic diversity and selection of three nuclear genes in. It is becoming apparent that numerous ltr retrotransposons and other mobile genetic elements have colonized the genome of the human blood fluke, schistosoma mansoni. Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, a significant.
Current diagnostic methods for schistosoma japonicum infection are insensitive for lowdensity infections. In our previous investigations, a 230bp sequence from the highly repetitive retrotransposon sjr2 was identified and it showed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting schistosoma japonicum dna in the sera of rabbit model and patients. Schistosoma japonicum introduction schistosoma japonicum, the parasite causing oriental schistosomiasis is generally recognized as the most virulent of three common human species of oriental blood flukes because it produces many more eggs about 3,000 per day than other schistosoma. However, the three schistosome references or draft genomes were released in the last decade, which greatly.
Comprehensive analysis of mirna profiles reveals the role. The genomic analysis of schistosoma japonicum provides a comprehensive insight into the. Schistosomiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases, is endemic in more than 70 countries. Functional analysis of the frzb2 gene in schistosoma japonicum. By means of wholegenome shotgun sequencing approaches the entire assembled genomes for s. The overall assembly statistics of the improved genome version s. Schistodb is a genomic database for the parasitic organism schistosoma mansoni, one of the major causative agents of schistosomiasis worldwide. Highquality schistosoma haematobium genome achieved by. Clinical diagnostic value of viable schistosoma japonicum.
The genome of the blood fluke schistosoma mansoni nature. Schistosomiasis bilharziasis is caused by some species of blood trematodes flukes in the genus schistosoma. Schistosoma japonicum is a pathogen of the phylum platyhelminthes that causes zoonotic schistosomiasis in china and southeast asian countries where a lack of efficient measures has hampered disease control. Although the efforts of the schistosoma genome network led to an annual increase in the amount of nonredundant transcriptome information for both s. Schistosomiasis, caused mainly by schistosoma japonicum, s. They include comparisons to the genome sequences of s. Schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum are the pathogenic agents that cause the tropical disease schistosomiasis.
Schistosoma japonicum male 20200425 20200425 tagged pathology outlines schistosomiasis of colon. The three main species infecting humans are schistosoma haematobium, s. Schistosoma japonicum is an important parasite and one of the major infectious agents of schistosomiasis. Download one protein sequence per gene fasta proteome id i up000311919. This parasite has a very wide host range, infecting at least 31 species of wild mammals, including 9 carnivores, 16 rodents, one primate human, two insectivores and three artiodactyls and therefore it can be considered a true zoonosis. The genomic information will serve as a valuable platform to facilitate development of new interventions for schistosomiasis control. The eggs of these parasites were first seen by theodor maximilian bilharz, a german pathologist working in egypt in 1851 who found the eggs of schistosoma haematobium during the course of a post mortem. Larvae cercariae enter the body of the host by way of the digestive tract, or through the skin from contact with contaminated water. Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a. The schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of host. The gene models have subsequently been improved, and the version represented here is the december 20 snapshot from genedb.
In this article, we present the novel methods that were used to predict the proteincoding genes in the nearly 400 mb draft genome. This lamp assay was based on the sequence of highly repetitive retrotransposon sjr2, and was able to detect 0. Three major species of schistosomes schistosoma mansoni, s. The genome provides a global insight into the molecular architecture and host interaction of this complex. Genomewide identification of schistosoma japonicum. A schistosome genome project was initiated by the world health organization in 1994 with the notion that the best prospects for identifying new targets for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic development lie in schistosome gene discovery, development of chromosome maps, whole genome sequencing and genome analysis.
Schistosomiasis is a disease that is caused by parasites genus schistosoma that enter humans by attaching to the skin, penetrating it, and then migrating through the venous system to the portal veins where the parasites produce eggs and eventually, the symptoms of acute or chronic disease for example, fever, abdominal discomfort, blood in stools. The schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of. The recent availability of the genome sequences of schistosoma japonicum along with the corresponding proteomic and transcriptomic datasets have enabled a comprehensive and unbiased analysis of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of s japonicum proteins at the wholegenome scale. Sensitive and specific target sequences selected from. Schistosoma japonicum is one of three human parasitic organisms from the phylum platyhelminthes flatworms that cause schistosomiasis. In this study, a loopmediated isothermal amplification lamp assay was established to detect schistosoma japonicum dna in faecal and serum samples of rabbits, and serum samples of humans infected with s. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. From an initial panel of 50 loci, 20 new microsatellites were selected for eventual optimization and application to. Schistosoma japonicum is the only species having relevant animal reservoirs that contribute to environmental contamination through daily egg excretion figure 52. Schistosoma japonicum is one of the three major blood fluke species, the etiological agents of schistosomiasis which remains a serious public health problem with an estimated 200 million people infected in 76 countries. Schistoma japonicum definition of schistoma japonicum by. It currently incorporates sequences and annotation for s. The schistosoma japonicum genome sequencing and functional analysis consortium the schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of hostparasite interplay. Here we present an innovative method used for combining diverse sources of evidence including ab initio gene predictions, protein and transcript sequence homologies, and crossgenome sequence homologies between s.
Robin gasser and his colleagues report the whole genome sequence of schistosoma haematobium. Pdf wholegenome sequence of schistosoma haematobium. The organisms are called schistosomes or blood flukes. Genetic relationship of schistosoma haematobium with other. Comparative genomics of humanlike schistosoma japonicum genes. Three other species, more localized geographically, are s. New frontiers in schistosoma genomics and transcriptomics. Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in china. In recent years, enormous amounts of both transcriptomic and proteomic data of schistosomes have become available, providing information on gene expression profiles for. However, the clinical diagnosis of patients with a low degree of infection is an unsolved technical problem. Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasite. Pronunciation of schistosoma japonicum with 1 audio pronunciation and more for schistosoma japonicum. The development of tools for diagnosis of acute and chronic infection and for novel antiparasite reagents relies on understanding the biological mechanisms that the parasite.
A total of 31 wild mammals and domestic animals have been shown to carry s. Scaffold lengths, n50, and l50 values for schistosoma haematobium genome version 2 shae. We did a genomewide identification of diagnostic protein markers for schistosome infection and assessed their diagnostic validity in a field study. This disease is responsible for 15 00020 000 deaths every year and is endemic in 76 countries of the world. The investigators compared the prevalence of schistosoma japonicum in nine replicates of katokatz stool examination, showing that prevalence was increased by six times when detected in serum samples with a specific immunoreactive biomarker. Bisexually infected female worms paired with males can continuously release several thousand eggs each day for many months or even years. The schistosoma japonicum genome sequencing, functional analysis consortium 2009 the schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of hostparasite interplay. The schistosoma japonicum genome sequencing and functional analysis consortium 2009. Schistosoma japonicum an overview sciencedirect topics. Of the major families of long terminal repeat ltr retrotransposons, the paobel family is probably the least well studied. However, it is also a close relative of the human carcinogenic parasite schistosoma haematobium which is a serious health issue in many endemic countries in. An improved genome assembly of the fluke schistosoma japonicum. Highquality schistosoma haematobium genome achieved by single.
Here, and in an accompanying paper, the genomes of these two flatworms are. The blood fluke, schistosoma japonicum still causes severe disease in. The blood flukes have a complex life cycle requiring adaptation for survival in fresh water as freeliving forms and as parasites in snail intermediate and vertebrate definitive hosts. Schistosoma genomes provide a comprehensive resource for identifying the. Sensitive and rapid detection of schistosoma japonicum dna. Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in china and the philippines. We predicted putative secreted proteins of schistosoma japonicum sjsps and expressed them as glutathione stransferase gstfusion proteins.
A proviral form of sinbad, a new ltr retrotransposon, was identified in the genome of s. Robin gasser and his colleagues report the wholegenome sequence of schistosoma haematobium. Chromosomes range in size from 18 to 73 mb and can be distinguished by size, shape and c banding. The sinbad retrotransposon from the genome of the human. Reemergence of schistosomiasis in regions of china where control programs have ceased requires development of moleculargenetic tools to track gene flow and assess genetic diversity of schistosoma populations. A draft genome has been produced by the wellcome trust sanger institute in collaboration with the institute for genomic research using a whole genome shotgun sequencing strategy.
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